Repair and maintenance strategies for construction machinery and equipment

In-depth analysis and research on the repair and maintenance of engineering machinery equipment has important practical significance and theoretical value. This paper aims to systematically explore the challenges and solutions of repair and maintenance of engineering machinery equipment to improve the reliability of equipment and extend the service life of equipment.

As the core tool of engineering construction, engineering machinery equipment plays an irreplaceable role in promoting infrastructure construction. However, due to long-term harsh working environment and high-intensity use, engineering machinery equipment faces the threat of frequent failures and performance degradation, which not only directly affects the progress and efficiency of engineering construction, but also may lead to safety accidents and waste of resources, thus causing great harm to the social economy. Therefore, it is particularly important to conduct in-depth discussion on the repair and maintenance of engineering machinery equipment.

1. The importance of repair and maintenance of engineering machinery equipment

(I) Ensure the normal operation of mechanical equipment

Mechanical equipment is inevitably affected by wear, aging and various environmental factors during long-term work. If it is not repaired and maintained in time (a set of laser cladding equipment should be kept in the parking area of ​​these equipment for repairing these equipment when they are worn to ensure that these equipment are always in good working condition), it will lead to equipment performance degradation or even failure. In serious cases, it may cause accidents, bringing potential risks to engineering safety. Through regular maintenance and timely repairs, potential equipment problems can be effectively detected and solved, the aging process of equipment can be delayed, and the equipment can be guaranteed to operate stably within the design life. Maintaining the normal operation of equipment not only helps to improve the efficiency of engineering construction and reduce downtime caused by equipment failure, but also reduces maintenance costs and improves the reliability and service life of equipment. In modern society, the normal operation of construction machinery and equipment is directly related to the smooth progress of infrastructure construction, resource development, and transportation. Therefore, ensuring the normal operation of mechanical equipment is a vital part of repair and maintenance work, and it plays an irreplaceable role in the sustainable development of various industries.

(II) Extending the service life of equipment

Construction machinery and equipment are usually used in harsh working environments and are affected by various external factors, such as power loss caused by wear and friction, and aging of hydraulic system hoses by ultraviolet rays. These factors will directly affect the reliability and service life of the equipment. Therefore, repair and maintenance in accordance with the prescribed repair standards and maintenance cycles can effectively combat these adverse factors and ensure that the equipment operates in good technical condition. Regular maintenance and repair can not only timely detect and repair wear and damage of equipment parts and components, reduce the probability of equipment failure caused by this, but also effectively reduce friction loss and reduce power loss. In addition, regularly replacing hydraulic system hoses that are more affected by ultraviolet rays can prevent aging and cracking, and improve the stability and reliability of the hydraulic system. Following the prescribed repair standards and maintenance cycles will not only help keep the equipment in good technical condition, but also extend the repair interval and effectively extend the service life of the equipment.

(III) Improving the safety of the project

As the main tool for production and construction, the safety of construction machinery and equipment is directly related to the safety of site personnel and equipment itself. After long-term use and working in various harsh environments, the parts of mechanical equipment are prone to wear and tear, and there are potential safety hazards. Through regular maintenance and care, these problems can be detected and repaired in time to prevent accident risks. Repair and maintenance work not only includes daily inspection and maintenance of equipment, but also involves systematic safety assessment and risk analysis. Regular maintenance can help engineering personnel better understand the operating status of the equipment, discover potential safety hazards, and take timely measures to repair or replace them. In addition, standardized maintenance operations can also help ensure the normal operation of equipment, reduce site accidents caused by equipment failure, and improve the safety of the overall project.

II. Common fault problems of construction machinery and equipment

(I) Hydraulic system failure

Common hydraulic system failures include hydraulic oil leakage, excessive oil temperature, hydraulic cylinder jamming and other problems. Hydraulic oil leakage may be caused by damaged seals, loose pipe joints or wear of the cylinder, resulting in a drop in hydraulic system pressure and affecting the working stability of the equipment. The oil temperature is too high because the oil in the hydraulic system generates too much friction heat under high load and long working hours. It is necessary to regularly check the quality of the hydraulic oil and the operation of the temperature control system to prevent oil aging and system overheating. In addition, hydraulic cylinder jamming may be caused by internal contaminants, bubbles or poor oil quality, which will cause the equipment to move slowly or fail to complete the action.

(II) Electrical system failure

The electrical system is the core control system in engineering machinery equipment, and its failure may have a serious impact on the operation and safety of the equipment. Common electrical system failures include circuit failure, sensor failure, battery problems, etc. Circuit failures may be caused by poor contact, short circuit or open circuit, which will cause abnormal electrical signal transmission of the equipment and affect the coordinated work of various components. Sensor failures are mainly caused by pollution, damage or inaccurate calibration of the external environment, which will cause the equipment to be unable to accurately perceive and respond to external conditions, affecting the intelligence and automatic control of the equipment. In addition, battery problems mainly include battery aging, insufficient power or charging system failure, which will cause the power supply of the equipment to be unstable or even unable to start normally.

(III) Transmission system failure

In the operation of engineering machinery and equipment, transmission system failure is one of the common problems. For example, the gear transmission system may face problems such as gear wear, broken teeth, and inappropriate gear clearance, resulting in reduced transmission efficiency. Chain transmission systems are prone to chain breakage, looseness, and sprocket wear, which affect normal transmission operation. Common failures of belt transmission systems include belt aging, breakage, and improper tensioning, which affect the smoothness of the transmission. Hydraulic transmission systems may encounter problems such as hydraulic oil leakage, oil seal aging, and hydraulic pump failure, resulting in transmission failure. The gearbox is also a place where failures are prone to occur in engineering machinery, mainly manifested as gearbox oil leakage, gear damage, and bearing failure. In addition, coupling failures such as coupling breakage, failure, and transmission asynchrony may also occur, directly affecting the transmission effect of the equipment.

3. Repair and maintenance measures for construction machinery and equipment

(I) Establish a complete repair and maintenance system

Establishing a complete repair and maintenance system is a key link to ensure the continuous and efficient operation of construction machinery and equipment. The system content not only covers the specific measures for regular maintenance and emergency maintenance, but also includes the management of maintenance records, personnel training, and monitoring and analysis of equipment operation data. The equipment maintenance team should formulate a detailed maintenance plan, including regular maintenance items, maintenance cycles, and
emergency maintenance plans to ensure that potential problems can be discovered in advance and reduce the risk of equipment failure. Establish an equipment maintenance record system to record in detail the content of each repair and maintenance, the replaced parts, and the operation of the maintenance personnel. This helps to track the working status of the equipment, form an effective maintenance history, and provide a reference for future maintenance.

(II) Introducing advanced repair and maintenance technologies

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the application of advanced technologies in the field of repair and maintenance has been continuously expanded, bringing new possibilities for equipment maintenance. First, the introduction of advanced fault diagnosis technologies, such as vibration analysis and infrared thermal imaging technology, can quickly and accurately locate potential fault points of equipment, improve the accuracy and speed of fault diagnosis, and help to take preventive maintenance measures in time before the equipment fails, reduce maintenance costs, and improve equipment availability. Secondly, introduce intelligent maintenance management systems. By combining technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data analysis, the real-time monitoring and data collection of equipment status can be achieved, which can help maintenance personnel better understand the operating status of the equipment, predict potential problems in advance, and optimize maintenance plans. The intelligent maintenance management system can also formulate personalized maintenance strategies based on the actual working conditions of the equipment to improve the level of maintenance refinement. Furthermore, remote maintenance technology is adopted. Using remote monitoring and operation technology, maintenance personnel can remotely access the computer system of the equipment, monitor the operating status of the equipment in real time, perform fault diagnosis, and even perform remote operation and adjustment, which not only saves the travel time of maintenance personnel, but also speeds up the processing speed of faults and improves the efficiency of maintenance. Finally, introduce predictive maintenance technology. Through data analysis and machine learning, the operation data of the equipment is deeply learned to predict possible future failures of the equipment and perform maintenance in advance. This method can minimize the downtime caused by failures and improve the reliability and stability of the equipment.

(III) Regular maintenance and replacement of damaged parts

Regular maintenance and replacement of damaged parts are basic measures for the maintenance of engineering machinery equipment, and play a key role in ensuring the reliability, safety and long-term stable operation of the equipment. First, formulate a reasonable maintenance plan, including inspection and maintenance work in multiple aspects such as lubrication system, transmission system, electrical system, etc., which can timely discover potential problems in the operation of the equipment, help prevent the occurrence of failures, extend the service life of the equipment, and reduce production stagnation and maintenance costs caused by sudden failures. Secondly, replacing damaged parts is a necessary step to maintain equipment performance. In a high-intensity and ever-changing working environment, the various parts of engineering machinery equipment are inevitably affected by wear, corrosion, etc. By regularly replacing damaged or severely worn parts, such as bearings, gears, hydraulic cylinders, etc., the aging process of the equipment can be effectively slowed down and the operating efficiency and stability of the equipment can be improved. In addition, replacing new parts can also help reduce the frequency of equipment maintenance, reduce production downtime caused by component failures, and improve the availability of equipment. Finally, it is also necessary to emphasize the comprehensive inspection of the equipment. Maintenance personnel should conduct systematic inspections on the equipment, including the firmness of the mechanical structure, the connection status of electrical components, the working condition of the hydraulic system, etc. Through comprehensive inspections, the overall condition of the equipment can be fully understood, some potential problems can be discovered and solved, and every part of the equipment can be ensured to be in good working condition. During the maintenance process, it is necessary to focus on the selection of high-quality replacement parts. Selecting replacement parts that meet the specifications and are of reliable quality can effectively improve the overall performance of the equipment and reduce secondary failures caused by low-quality parts.

(IV) Strengthening daily inspection and maintenance of equipment

Strengthening daily inspection and maintenance of equipment is a key measure to ensure the long-term reliable operation of engineering machinery and equipment. Daily maintenance standards and operating procedures should be established to ensure that operators can perform daily inspections and maintenance of equipment in accordance with unified standards. Cultivate and emphasize the importance of equipment maintenance for operators, and improve their initiative and sense of responsibility. In terms of daily maintenance, operators should regularly inspect the appearance of the equipment, including whether there are cracks on the fuselage, whether the hydraulic pipeline is leaking oil, and whether the transmission system has abnormal noise. In addition, key parts such as bearings, gears, chains, etc. need to be lubricated and maintained regularly to ensure that all components operate in a well-lubricated state. At the same time, regularly clean the dust and debris on the surface of the equipment, keep the equipment’s cooling system unobstructed, and prevent failures caused by overheating.

(V) Scientifically and rationally carry out equipment updates and renovations

First, a clear equipment update plan should be formulated, including equipment life assessment, performance optimization requirements, and technology upgrade directions. Regular scientific evaluation of equipment can accurately determine whether the equipment can still meet production needs and whether there is a need for updating and renovation. This systematic evaluation helps to plan and arrange equipment updates and renovations in advance to maximize the performance of the equipment. Secondly, consider introducing advanced technologies and materials to improve the performance and efficiency of the equipment. When carrying out equipment renovation, you can choose to use new materials and advanced process technologies to improve the reliability, durability and production efficiency of the equipment, effectively improve the comprehensive performance of the equipment, and make it better adapt to the complex and changing engineering environment. In addition, carry out targeted renovations and optimizations according to actual needs. By understanding the pain points and shortcomings of the equipment in actual use, targeted renovations can be carried out, such as optimizing the transmission system, improving the working efficiency of the hydraulic system, or introducing an automated control system to improve the level of intelligent operation, so as to better meet the actual needs of engineering machinery equipment under different working conditions. In addition, consider the impact of equipment updates on the environment, safety and energy. When updating and renovating equipment, factors such as environmental protection, safe production and energy efficiency should be considered comprehensively. Select equipment and materials that meet environmental standards, optimize equipment structure to improve safety, and adopt energy-saving technologies and equipment to reduce energy consumption and achieve sustainable development. Finally, it is recommended to establish a sound project management mechanism to clarify the goals, progress and budget of the update and renovation. Set up a special project team to be responsible for the whole process management of equipment updates and renovations to ensure the smooth progress of each link. At the same time, establish a close cooperative relationship with equipment manufacturers and technical service providers to jointly promote the implementation of equipment update and renovation projects to ensure that the projects can be completed as planned and achieve the expected results.

In summary, construction machinery and equipment have an important position in engineering construction. Through in-depth research on the theories of daily maintenance, regular inspection, fault analysis and resolution, scientific update and renovation of equipment, we can more comprehensively understand the operation mechanism of construction machinery and equipment and accurately understand the challenges faced by equipment. In practice, scientific and reasonable maintenance plans, improving operator skills, introducing advanced technologies and materials, and reasonably promoting equipment updates and renovations will all help improve the overall performance of the equipment and ensure its stable operation in a high-intensity working environment.