Repair and maintenance of construction engineering machinery and equipment
August 8, 2024 Hawk
The mechanization of construction in the new era is an inevitable trend. In order to ensure the level of mechanization of construction enterprises, we must pay close attention to the use of mechanical equipment. There are many factors that affect the normal operation of equipment during the construction process, such as improper operation and bad weather. Once the equipment fails, the construction cannot proceed normally. It can be seen that regular maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment are very important. This article introduces the importance of maintenance and repair of construction machinery and equipment, and analyzes the problems and optimization strategies of current maintenance and repair work, in order to provide theoretical knowledge reference for relevant staff.
The construction industry is one of the pillar industries in my country. Due to the huge current construction engineering system and the increasing difficulty of construction, the requirements for the use of construction machinery and equipment are also constantly increasing. However, there are many problems in the maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment, such as unreasonable maintenance plans and low attention to maintenance and repair work, which are not conducive to the good use of mechanical equipment. In order to ensure the long-term and healthy development of my country’s construction industry, it is necessary to formulate reasonable solutions to the problems existing in the repair and maintenance of mechanical equipment, truly implement the repair and maintenance of construction engineering machinery and equipment, and ensure that the construction is completed with high quality and efficiency.
1 Characteristics of the use of construction engineering machinery and equipment
1.1 The working environment is relatively poor
The on-site working environment of many construction engineering construction sites is relatively poor, and the road surface of the site is uneven. It is easy to cause damage to the equipment during the transportation of the equipment. In addition, the climate at some construction sites is relatively bad. The construction equipment is placed outdoors for a long time and is exposed to wind and sun, which is very easy to cause rust and aging of the equipment. In addition, some human factors are also key factors causing problems with construction engineering machinery and equipment. If the user does not operate the machinery and equipment according to the corresponding standards and procedures, it is likely to cause equipment failure or even damage, causing unnecessary losses to the construction project.
1.2 Expensive
Most of the mechanical equipment used in current construction projects are imported and expensive equipment, with prices ranging from tens to millions of yuan. Construction companies either purchase or lease them, but once the equipment fails or is damaged, it will cost a lot of money to repair it. If it is completely damaged, it will cause economic losses to the construction company. Therefore, in construction, it is necessary to pay close attention to the maintenance, repair and use of equipment, and continuously improve the sense of responsibility of equipment management personnel, regularly train and assess relevant personnel, ensure the scientific and reasonable use of mechanical equipment, and extend the service life of mechanical equipment.
1.3 Complex technical structure
Generally, various mechanical equipment will be used in construction, with different functions and from different manufacturers. Mechanical equipment involves many aspects of knowledge such as machinery, electricity, and hydraulics, and has high requirements for the professional and technical level of personnel, which greatly increases the difficulty of using, maintaining and repairing mechanical equipment. In a series of work such as the use, maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment, it is necessary to take into account both the effectiveness of the work and its economy. How to repair and maintain these expensive equipment has become a key issue for many construction units, which is related to the smooth development of the entire construction project and the economic benefits of the construction project.
2 Selection and analysis of methods for repairing construction machinery and equipment
2.1 Periodic maintenance
Minor repairs, medium repairs and major repairs are all periodic maintenance. Periodic maintenance can effectively prevent equipment failures, damage and other problems, and is generally used more in enterprises. However, the periodic maintenance work of many construction companies is currently only to meet the provisions of the regulations, and has not been effectively adjusted according to the actual use and wear of the equipment, resulting in production plans that do not meet the actual operation of the equipment, and the equipment has not been effectively repaired and protected. Some equipment has already had many faults before the periodic maintenance. If you still insist on repairing the equipment during the periodic maintenance, it will not meet the normal use requirements of the equipment, causing delays in the construction period.
In addition, there are differences in the frequency of equipment use, personnel quality level, construction site environment, etc. in different construction companies, which will directly affect the use of equipment. However, some companies only mechanically copy the system specifications of some other companies when formulating periodic maintenance plans, without really considering the actual situation of their own construction, and cannot fully reflect the effect of periodic maintenance. Periodic maintenance is not a flexible maintenance method, and is more suitable for some equipment maintenance work that has mastered the wear and tear law of equipment.
2.2 Post-maintenance
Post-maintenance is to repair the equipment after it fails, or after the performance and accuracy of the equipment are reduced. Post-maintenance can effectively solve the problems that arise in the use of mechanical equipment and reduce the impact of problems with mechanical equipment on construction projects. Post-maintenance is a relatively passive maintenance method. Maintenance will only be carried out when problems are really found in the equipment, and at this time it may have affected the construction. For some very important equipment, it is difficult to repair it in time, which will cause huge losses to the construction of the construction project. Some equipment is located in remote areas, and the road conditions will also hinder maintenance, ultimately causing serious economic losses. Post-maintenance generally does not inspect and repair the entire mechanical equipment, so the equipment is very likely to have other faults after post-maintenance. This method is generally only applicable to some unimportant and infrequently used equipment. Important and continuously working equipment must be repaired and maintained frequently.
If it is a metal failure type repair, it will be more efficient to use laser cladding technology. Laser cladding technology can prepare a metallurgical bonding layer on the surface of the substrate, thereby greatly improving the characteristics of the original workpiece, making the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, hardness and other characteristics increase by 5-10 times.
2.3 Condition maintenance
Condition maintenance is a preventive maintenance based on the actual technical status of the equipment. Through regular inspection, patrol inspection and condition diagnosis of various equipment, it can effectively prevent equipment failure, keep the equipment in good working condition at all times, and promote the smooth development of construction projects. Compared with the first two maintenance methods, condition maintenance is more targeted and is a more timely and effective maintenance method. It can not only keep the mechanical equipment in good working condition at all times, but also reduce the frequency of equipment failures and maintenance costs. In short, condition maintenance is a very effective maintenance method. Construction companies should pay attention to condition maintenance, do a good job of condition maintenance for important equipment that is often in a continuous working state, and promote the smooth progress of the entire construction project.
3 The significance and principles of maintenance of construction engineering machinery and equipment
3.1 The significance of maintenance of construction engineering machinery and equipment
In the construction of construction projects, mechanical equipment has a great impact on the normal progress of the entire project and the construction cost. Doing a good job of mechanical equipment maintenance can not only keep the equipment in a good operating state and ensure the normal operation of mechanical equipment, but also reduce the frequency of mechanical equipment failures and promote the smooth development of the entire construction project. Regular maintenance is equivalent to providing more protection for mechanical equipment, which can reduce the wear and tear of mechanical equipment during operation, make the various parts of mechanical equipment more flexible, and effectively extend the service life of mechanical equipment and reduce the losses caused by mechanical equipment damage in construction projects.
3.2 Principles of mechanical equipment maintenance in construction projects
The maintenance of construction engineering mechanical equipment is mainly divided into three levels: primary maintenance, secondary maintenance and tertiary maintenance. Among them, primary maintenance refers to adding lubricating oil to the parts of the equipment that need lubrication to reduce the occurrence of wear and tear during the use of mechanical equipment. Secondary maintenance refers to adjustment, reinforcement and anti-corrosion work, which is generally the responsibility of equipment personnel and machine repair teams. Tertiary maintenance refers to disassembly and cleaning to eliminate mechanical equipment failures, which is generally carried out by machine maintenance related staff.
It is very important to carry out regular maintenance of construction engineering mechanical equipment. Maintenance staff need to strictly follow relevant standards and specifications, and establish a high sense of responsibility in their work, and truly realize the importance of mechanical equipment maintenance. There are generally three basic standards for maintenance work: qualified maintenance, unqualified maintenance and excellent maintenance. Among them, excellent maintenance means that all cleaning work is done well. After maintenance, all parts are clean and tidy and there are no other debris. After maintenance, it is also necessary to check the performance and use of the equipment to ensure that the equipment can work normally, and make corresponding maintenance records. Qualified maintenance means that the equipment is free of oil pollution as a whole, and all keys and buttons are intact and function normally, and the basic data of maintenance work is recorded. Unqualified maintenance means that after the maintenance work is completed, the equipment is not clean enough as a whole, and some parts of the equipment are affected, causing the equipment to fail to complete normal production work. Management personnel need to evaluate according to the actual work of maintenance staff, and continuously optimize and improve maintenance work to further improve the quality of maintenance work of construction engineering machinery and equipment. Regular and effective maintenance can reduce noise, strong light and other pollution generated during the operation of mechanical equipment, and can also timely clean and recycle waste oil and waste generated in equipment production, ensure the normal use of mechanical equipment, and achieve sustainable development of construction engineering construction.
4 Suggestions on the maintenance of construction machinery and equipment
First, when carrying out construction machinery construction, it is necessary to pay attention to the sound of the overflow valve and hydraulic pump. If the maintenance staff finds the sound of cavitation, they should stop the machine for inspection in time to ensure that the fault is eliminated before using the equipment. If a component moves slowly without load and is accompanied by the overflow sound of the overflow valve, it needs to be repaired immediately.
Secondly, during the operation of construction machinery, it is also necessary to ensure that the work is slow and light, otherwise it is easy to cause impact load to the mechanical equipment, causing mechanical failure of the mechanical equipment, and seriously shortening the service life of the mechanical equipment, so it is also very important to avoid rough work. Finally, in the maintenance work, it is also necessary to pay attention to regular and recorded maintenance. In the construction enterprise, it is necessary to equip a professional equipment maintenance team, and try not to change the work position of the maintenance staff, to ensure that the maintenance work is continuous and regular. At the same time, the maintenance staff must be fully familiar with and master the operation and maintenance status of the mechanical equipment, and attach importance to the maintenance of construction machinery and equipment, so as to extend the service life of the mechanical equipment, effectively improve the working efficiency of the mechanical equipment, and promote the high-quality and efficient development of the entire construction project.
5 Problems in the repair and maintenance of construction machinery and equipment
5.1 Insufficient attention to the repair and maintenance of machinery and equipment
In the construction process of many construction companies, there is a phenomenon of focusing on use and neglecting repair and maintenance. The machinery and equipment will only be repaired when they cannot be used, which increases the frequency of mechanical equipment failures. Many construction company managers do not view the repair and maintenance work from the perspective of long-term development. They believe that equipment repair and maintenance work will consume a lot of manpower and material resources, but ignore the losses caused by equipment damage due to long-term lack of maintenance of machinery and equipment. Although some construction engineers have carried out repair and maintenance work, due to the lack of professional teams and scientific and reasonable work planning, the repair and maintenance of machinery and equipment is just a formality and does not really play a role. Meaningless repair and maintenance work has caused a waste of resources.
5.2 The professional level and sense of responsibility of maintenance workers of construction engineering machinery and equipment are not high
The professional ability and sense of responsibility of maintenance workers of mechanical equipment and equipment are directly related to the quality of maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment and equipment. Many maintenance workers of mechanical equipment and equipment have low professional level, do not strictly follow the regulations and procedures to complete the maintenance and repair work, and have poor sense of responsibility in their work. With the rapid development of the construction industry, the scale of construction projects has further expanded, and the maintenance and repair methods of mechanical equipment and equipment should also be changed accordingly. However, the maintenance and repair methods of many workers are too old and cannot cope with the increasing difficulty of mechanical equipment and equipment maintenance work. This will lead to the maintenance work not being implemented in place, and the failure point of mechanical equipment cannot be found quickly during the maintenance process, which affects the normal use of mechanical equipment and hinders the smooth progress of construction.
There are many large-scale mechanical equipment used in the construction of modern construction projects. Maintenance workers should be proactive in their work, maintain a high sense of responsibility, and maintain the working condition of mechanical equipment. However, many maintenance workers currently only repair and maintain equipment when they receive a notice that the equipment needs maintenance or when the equipment is damaged. They do not pay enough attention to daily maintenance and maintenance work, which can easily affect the normal use of mechanical equipment in construction and affect the smooth development of construction projects.
5.3 Imperfect mechanical equipment maintenance and maintenance system
The standardization and quality of maintenance and repair work of construction engineering mechanical equipment require a perfect system as a work guarantee, but many construction companies currently do not have a perfect maintenance and repair work system. The relevant personnel are not clear about the work process and work requirements, and there are no clear work tasks and goals in the work, which cannot guarantee the standardization and standardization of maintenance and repair work. In addition, there is a lack of responsibility system in the system, and when problems arise, the responsibility cannot be truly implemented to people, resulting in loopholes in the maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment. After problems occur, the staff shirk responsibility, and it is difficult to truly play the role of maintenance and repair work. Therefore, when construction companies carry out construction projects, in addition to establishing and improving the basic construction system, they must also implement the maintenance and repair work system of mechanical equipment.
Although some construction companies have formulated relevant mechanical equipment maintenance and repair work systems, they just copied some advanced maintenance and repair work systems and did not pay attention to the actual maintenance and repair of the company’s mechanical equipment. After discovering problems, they did not update and improve them in time, resulting in the inability of the maintenance and repair system to play its role. Some construction company staff did not fully follow the relevant systems in their work, resulting in numerous errors and omissions in maintenance and repair, and it was difficult for maintenance and repair work to play a role.
5.4 Maintenance personnel cannot correctly analyze faults
It is very common to blindly disassemble equipment during equipment maintenance work. Many maintenance personnel cannot correctly judge the cause of the fault and directly disassemble the mechanical equipment. As a result, the fault is not eliminated and new problems are caused to the mechanical equipment. At present, the professional level of maintenance workers in many construction projects is generally not high. Many maintenance workers are not clear about the internal structure of mechanical equipment and have little work experience. Some maintenance workers are even temporarily transferred to the post, and the personnel turnover is very large. When mechanical equipment fails, many maintenance workers cannot analyze the cause of the failure and eliminate the fault location. They just blindly replace the internal parts of the mechanical equipment, which not only increases the maintenance expenses, but also cannot completely eliminate the failure of mechanical equipment, resulting in the ineffectiveness of maintenance work.
6 Effective strategies for the maintenance and maintenance of construction engineering machinery and equipment
6.1 Establish and improve the maintenance and maintenance work system for construction engineering machinery and equipment
Any work needs a clear system as a work guarantee. In order to implement the maintenance and maintenance of mechanical equipment in construction enterprises, construction enterprises need to formulate a complete work system based on the actual use of mechanical equipment, including maintenance plans, work processes, work goals, etc., to provide maintenance and maintenance workers with a clear work direction and ensure that all work has a system to rely on. In this way, maintenance and maintenance workers have clear goals in their work, and all work will develop in a standardized and scientific direction. It should be noted that there are certain differences in the maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment in various construction projects. This requires construction companies to formulate practical maintenance and repair work systems based on the actual conditions of construction and equipment use to ensure the perfection and rationality of the system. In the actual implementation process, if problems are found in the system, it is necessary to improve and improve it in a timely manner to ensure that the maintenance and repair work system of construction engineering machinery and equipment truly conforms to the actual use of mechanical equipment, so as to select the most scientific and reasonable maintenance methods and maintenance cycles to extend the service life of mechanical equipment.
In addition to the basic engineering process and work specifications, it is also necessary to establish and improve the responsibility system so that the corresponding responsible person can be found when problems arise in the work. Strict implementation of the responsibility system will help to enhance the sense of responsibility of mechanical equipment maintenance and repair staff, so that each maintenance and repair staff can do their own job well, promote the orderly development of various tasks, and greatly improve the quality of construction engineering machinery and equipment maintenance and repair work.
6.2 Increase the degree of attention to mechanical equipment maintenance and repair
The implementation of mechanical equipment maintenance and repair work requires construction companies to pay high attention to maintenance and repair work from top to bottom. First, construction management personnel should pay more attention to the maintenance and management of mechanical equipment, urge relevant personnel to do a good job in maintenance and care, and strictly implement management work to ensure that the maintenance and care of equipment are fully implemented. Secondly, the importance of mechanical equipment maintenance and care work should be promoted within the enterprise, so that mechanical equipment installers and users can consciously take care of the mechanical equipment used in construction, operate according to work specifications, reduce the frequency of equipment failures, and extend the service life of mechanical equipment. Finally, a complete mechanical equipment maintenance and care management system needs to be formed to record the maintenance and care of the equipment, supervise the use of mechanical equipment in an all-round way, better implement the maintenance and care work goals, ensure that each work is traceable, and find the corresponding responsible person when problems occur, so as to ensure the smooth progress of construction.
6.3 Improve the comprehensive quality of construction machinery and equipment maintenance personnel
The maintenance personnel and maintenance personnel of mechanical equipment are the practitioners of maintenance and maintenance work. Their professional level and professional quality are closely related to the quality of maintenance and maintenance work. In order to do a good job in the maintenance and maintenance of construction machinery and equipment, it is necessary to build a professional team with high professional level and strong sense of responsibility. In the recruitment process, the comprehensive quality of personnel should be strictly controlled. As the maintenance and maintenance of construction machinery and equipment becomes more and more complicated, the training of maintenance and maintenance personnel should be strengthened to improve their professional level, safety awareness and sense of responsibility, so that they can actively learn more advanced and effective equipment maintenance and maintenance methods. At the same time, the work level of maintenance and maintenance personnel should be regularly assessed to ensure that the maintenance and maintenance personnel of mechanical equipment are familiar with the principles of equipment use, can accurately judge the failure of equipment, and can solve the problem in a timely and effective manner when the equipment fails, so as to effectively improve the level of maintenance and maintenance of construction machinery and equipment.
Since there are many mechanical equipment used in construction projects, there are certain differences in the maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment of different models and types. Therefore, in the maintenance and repair work, it is necessary to assign specialized staff to be responsible for specialized mechanical equipment as much as possible to reduce the transfer of personnel, ensure that each maintenance and repair staff is familiar with the equipment they are responsible for, and can accurately and timely find problems in the mechanical equipment, so as to maximize the value of personnel work and ensure the normal operation of mechanical equipment.
6.4 Optimize the on-site management of mechanical equipment
The whole process from equipment commissioning to scrapping belongs to the on-site management of mechanical equipment. From the perspective of the full life cycle of the equipment, this process is very long and very important. At this time, in order to implement the maintenance and repair work well, it is necessary to pay attention to the following aspects. First, the country should adhere to the principles of diversification and flexibility in the reform of the maintenance system, so that construction companies can choose the most scientific, reasonable and effective maintenance system according to their actual situation. Secondly, in the maintenance and repair work, there will sometimes be a situation of excess or insufficient maintenance and repair work. In order to effectively avoid this problem, the maintenance and repair work plan can be implemented on each equipment or even parts, and different maintenance modes can be adopted. The same equipment can also adopt different maintenance and repair work modes when used in different occasions, so as to better improve the flexibility and effectiveness of maintenance and repair work. Finally, the selection of equipment in the procurement stage is also very important. Modern management must be fully done to further improve the quality of maintenance and repair work and extend the service life of equipment.
In summary, the maintenance and repair of construction engineering machinery and equipment is directly related to the mechanization level of construction enterprises. In today’s era of increasingly complex market environment, in order to ensure the quality and construction efficiency of construction projects, it is necessary to pay close attention to the maintenance and repair of construction engineering machinery and equipment, clarify the importance of maintenance and repair work in work, establish a correct maintenance and maintenance concept, continuously improve the work system, improve the technical level, and ensure the normal operation of mechanical equipment. This can not only reduce the noise and waste pollution generated during the operation of mechanical equipment, but also ensure that the performance of mechanical equipment meets the basic requirements of production and construction, thereby providing guarantee for the smooth development of construction.